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In this reply, the server includes its MAC address PC1 then uses that MAC address to send its Ethernet traffic destined for the server, starting the MAC address table process detailed earlier. If the server is listening on the network (and wants to answer), it responds with an ARP reply.
The ARP request is then sent to the MAC broadcast address ( ff.ff.ff.ff.ff.ff), so that all local devices will receive it. To find this information, PC1 must form an ARP request that includes the IP address of the intended destination. The only piece of information that PC1 has is the IP address (network layer address) of the server (which was looked up from DNS), but to send traffic to the server it must also learn the server's MAC address. Using the previous example as a guide, let's assume again that PC1 wants to send traffic to the server. What ARP does is provide a lookup mechanism and table to store the information found in these lookups. For purposes of this article, we are assuming that the server is local. Assuming that the server is on the local subnet, a second lookup is performed to search for the MAC address of the server, using ARP.Įven if the server is not local, ARP is still usedthough for the default gateway's MAC address, not for the destination server's MAC address. When the user presses Enter to send the request to connect to the server, a higher-level lookup is performed by the Domain Name System (DNS), resulting in the form of an IP address. (There are mechanisms to get around this need as well, but they are outside the scope of this article.) The server name is typically in the shape of a hostname and/or domain combination (for example, ). Typically a user who wants to connect to a server must already have the name of the server. In the earlier example, PC1 just “knew” the MAC address for the server, but how is that possible? This is where ARP enters the picture. To tie together the data link (Layer 2) layer and the network (Layer 3) layer, a mechanism must exist that maps data-link layer addressing to network layer addressing this mechanism is ARP. The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP), as you might guess, is designed for resolving addresses. Learn More Buy Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) Tables
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